pygsti.modelmembers.states.composedstate

The ComposedState class and supporting functionality.

Module Contents

Classes

ComposedState

TODO: update docstring

class pygsti.modelmembers.states.composedstate.ComposedState(static_state, errormap)

Bases: pygsti.modelmembers.states.state.State

TODO: update docstring A Lindblad-parameterized State (that is also expandable into terms).

Parameters

pure_vecnumpy array or State

An array or State in the full density-matrix space (this vector will have dimension 4 in the case of a single qubit) which represents a pure-state preparation or projection. This is used as the “base” preparation or projection that is followed or preceded by, respectively, the parameterized Lindblad-form error generator. (This argument is not copied if it is a State. A numpy array is converted to a new StaticState.)

errormapMapOperator

The error generator action and parameterization, encapsulated in a gate object. Usually a LindbladOp or ComposedOp object. (This argument is not copied, to allow ComposedStates to share error generator parameters with other gates and spam vectors.)

Initialize a new state Vector

property total_term_magnitude

Get the total (sum) of the magnitudes of all this state vector’s terms.

The magnitude of a term is the absolute value of its coefficient, so this function returns the number you’d get from summing up the absolute-coefficients of all the Taylor terms (at all orders!) you get from expanding this state vector in a Taylor series.

Returns

float

property total_term_magnitude_deriv

The derivative of the sum of all this state vector’s terms.

Get the derivative of the total (sum) of the magnitudes of all this state vector’s terms with respect to the operators (local) parameters.

Returns
numpy array

An array of length self.num_params

property parameter_labels

An array of labels (usually strings) describing this model member’s parameters.

property num_params

Get the number of independent parameters which specify this state vector.

Returns
int

the number of independent parameters.

submembers()

Get the ModelMember-derived objects contained in this one.

Returns

list

set_gpindices(gpindices, parent, memo=None)

Set the parent and indices into the parent’s parameter vector that are used by this ModelMember object.

Parameters
gpindicesslice or integer ndarray

The indices of this objects parameters in its parent’s array.

parentModel or ModelMember

The parent whose parameter array gpindices references.

memodict, optional

A memo dict used to avoid circular references.

Returns

None

to_dense(on_space='minimal', scratch=None)

Return this state vector as a (dense) numpy array.

The memory in scratch maybe used when it is not-None.

Parameters
on_space{‘minimal’, ‘Hilbert’, ‘HilbertSchmidt’}

The space that the returned dense operation acts upon. For unitary matrices and bra/ket vectors, use ‘Hilbert’. For superoperator matrices and super-bra/super-ket vectors use ‘HilbertSchmidt’. ‘minimal’ means that ‘Hilbert’ is used if possible given this operator’s evolution type, and otherwise ‘HilbertSchmidt’ is used.

scratchnumpy.ndarray, optional

scratch space available for use.

Returns

numpy.ndarray

taylor_order_terms(order, max_polynomial_vars=100, return_coeff_polys=False)

Get the order-th order Taylor-expansion terms of this state vector.

This function either constructs or returns a cached list of the terms at the given order. Each term is “rank-1”, meaning that it is a state preparation followed by or POVM effect preceded by actions on a density matrix rho of the form:

rho -> A rho B

The coefficients of these terms are typically polynomials of the State’s parameters, where the polynomial’s variable indices index the global parameters of the State’s parent (usually a Model) , not the State’s local parameter array (i.e. that returned from to_vector).

Parameters
orderint

The order of terms to get.

max_polynomial_varsint, optional

maximum number of variables the created polynomials can have.

return_coeff_polysbool

Whether a parallel list of locally-indexed (using variable indices corresponding to this object’s parameters rather than its parent’s) polynomial coefficients should be returned as well.

Returns
termslist

A list of RankOneTerm objects.

coefficientslist

Only present when return_coeff_polys == True. A list of compact polynomial objects, meaning that each element is a (vtape,ctape) 2-tuple formed by concatenating together the output of Polynomial.compact().

taylor_order_terms_above_mag(order, max_polynomial_vars, min_term_mag)

Get the order-th order Taylor-expansion terms of this state vector that have magnitude above min_term_mag.

This function constructs the terms at the given order which have a magnitude (given by the absolute value of their coefficient) that is greater than or equal to min_term_mag. It calls taylor_order_terms() internally, so that all the terms at order order are typically cached for future calls.

Parameters
orderint

The order of terms to get.

max_polynomial_varsint, optional

maximum number of variables the created polynomials can have.

min_term_magfloat

the minimum term magnitude.

Returns

list

deriv_wrt_params(wrt_filter=None)

The element-wise derivative this state vector.

Construct a matrix whose columns are the derivatives of the state vector with respect to a single param. Thus, each column is of length dimension and there is one column per state vector parameter.

Parameters
wrt_filterlist or numpy.ndarray

List of parameter indices to take derivative with respect to. (None means to use all the this operation’s parameters.)

Returns
numpy array

Array of derivatives, shape == (dimension, num_params)

hessian_wrt_params(wrt_filter1=None, wrt_filter2=None)

Construct the Hessian of this state vector with respect to its parameters.

This function returns a tensor whose first axis corresponds to the flattened operation matrix and whose 2nd and 3rd axes correspond to the parameters that are differentiated with respect to.

Parameters
wrt_filter1list or numpy.ndarray

List of parameter indices to take 1st derivatives with respect to. (None means to use all the this operation’s parameters.)

wrt_filter2list or numpy.ndarray

List of parameter indices to take 2nd derivatives with respect to. (None means to use all the this operation’s parameters.)

Returns
numpy array

Hessian with shape (dimension, num_params1, num_params2)

to_vector()

Extract a vector of the underlying gate parameters from this gate.

Returns
numpy array

a 1D numpy array with length == num_params().

from_vector(v, close=False, dirty_value=True)

Initialize the state vector using a 1D array of parameters.

Parameters
vnumpy array

The 1D vector of state vector parameters. Length must == num_params()

closebool, optional

Whether v is close to this state vector’s current set of parameters. Under some circumstances, when this is true this call can be completed more quickly.

dirty_valuebool, optional

The value to set this object’s “dirty flag” to before exiting this call. This is passed as an argument so it can be updated recursively. Leave this set to True unless you know what you’re doing.

Returns

None

transform_inplace(s)

Update state (column) vector V as inv(s) * V or s^T * V for preparation or effect state vectors, respectively.

Note that this is equivalent to state preparation vectors getting mapped: rho -> inv(s) * rho and the transpose of effect vectors being mapped as E^T -> E^T * s.

Generally, the transform function updates the parameters of the state vector such that the resulting vector is altered as described above. If such an update cannot be done (because the gate parameters do not allow for it), ValueError is raised.

Parameters
sGaugeGroupElement

A gauge group element which specifies the “s” matrix (and it’s inverse) used in the above similarity transform.

Returns

None

depolarize(amount)

Depolarize this state vector by the given amount.

Generally, the depolarize function updates the parameters of the State such that the resulting vector is depolarized. If such an update cannot be done (because the gate parameters do not allow for it), ValueError is raised.

Parameters
amountfloat or tuple

The amount to depolarize by. If a tuple, it must have length equal to one less than the dimension of the spam vector. All but the first element of the spam vector (often corresponding to the identity element) are multiplied by amount (if a float) or the corresponding amount[i] (if a tuple).

Returns

None

errorgen_coefficient_labels()

The elementary error-generator labels corresponding to the elements of errorgen_coefficients_array().

Returns
tuple

A tuple of (<type>, <basisEl1> [,<basisEl2]) elements identifying the elementary error generators of this gate.

errorgen_coefficients_array()

The weighted coefficients of this state prep’s error generator in terms of “standard” error generators.

Constructs a 1D array of all the coefficients returned by errorgen_coefficients(), weighted so that different error generators can be weighted differently when a errorgen_penalty_factor is used in an objective function.

Returns
numpy.ndarray

A 1D array of length equal to the number of coefficients in the linear combination of standard error generators that is this state preparation’s error generator.

errorgen_coefficients(return_basis=False, logscale_nonham=False)

Constructs a dictionary of the Lindblad-error-generator coefficients of this state.

Note that these are not necessarily the parameter values, as these coefficients are generally functions of the parameters (so as to keep the coefficients positive, for instance).

Parameters
return_basisbool, optional

Whether to also return a Basis containing the elements with which the error generator terms were constructed.

logscale_nonhambool, optional

Whether or not the non-hamiltonian error generator coefficients should be scaled so that the returned dict contains: (1 - exp(-d^2 * coeff)) / d^2 instead of coeff. This essentially converts the coefficient into a rate that is the contribution this term would have within a depolarizing channel where all stochastic generators had this same coefficient. This is the value returned by error_rates().

Returns
lindblad_term_dictdict

Keys are (termType, basisLabel1, <basisLabel2>) tuples, where termType is “H” (Hamiltonian), “S” (Stochastic), or “A” (Affine). Hamiltonian and Affine terms always have a single basis label (so key is a 2-tuple) whereas Stochastic tuples have 1 basis label to indicate a diagonal term and otherwise have 2 basis labels to specify off-diagonal non-Hamiltonian Lindblad terms. Basis labels are integers starting at 0. Values are complex coefficients.

basisBasis

A Basis mapping the basis labels used in the keys of lindblad_term_dict to basis matrices.

set_errorgen_coefficients(lindblad_term_dict, action='update', logscale_nonham=False, truncate=True)

Sets the coefficients of terms in the error generator of this state.

The dictionary lindblad_term_dict has tuple-keys describing the type of term and the basis elements used to construct it, e.g. (‘H’,’X’).

Parameters
lindblad_term_dictdict

Keys are (termType, basisLabel1, <basisLabel2>) tuples, where termType is “H” (Hamiltonian), “S” (Stochastic), or “A” (Affine). Hamiltonian and Affine terms always have a single basis label (so key is a 2-tuple) whereas Stochastic tuples have 1 basis label to indicate a diagonal term and otherwise have 2 basis labels to specify off-diagonal non-Hamiltonian Lindblad terms. Values are the coefficients of these error generators, and should be real except for the 2-basis-label case.

action{“update”,”add”,”reset”}

How the values in lindblad_term_dict should be combined with existing error-generator coefficients.

logscale_nonhambool, optional

Whether or not the values in lindblad_term_dict for non-hamiltonian error generators should be interpreted as error rates (of an “equivalent” depolarizing channel, see errorgen_coefficients()) instead of raw coefficients. If True, then the non-hamiltonian coefficients are set to -log(1 - d^2*rate)/d^2, where rate is the corresponding value given in lindblad_term_dict. This is what is performed by the function set_error_rates().

truncatebool, optional

Whether to allow adjustment of the errogen coefficients in order to meet constraints (e.g. to preserve CPTP) when necessary. If False, then an error is thrown when the given coefficients cannot be set as specified.

Returns

None

errorgen_coefficients_array_deriv_wrt_params()

The jacobian of errogen_coefficients_array() with respect to this state’s parameters.

Returns
numpy.ndarray

A 2D array of shape (num_coeffs, num_params) where num_coeffs is the number of coefficients of this operation’s error generator and num_params is this operation’s number of parameters.